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Realism in Action: U.S. Interventions

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About the authors   Boitumelo Majola is a Master's candidate in Politics and International Relations at the University of Johannesburg (UJ). He also holds a BA Honours degree in African Studies from UJ, and a Bachelor of Social Sciences majoring Political Science and Sociology, from the University of the Free State (UFS). His research focuses are on International Political Economy (IPE), Political conflict, Territorial disputes, and History.  Itumeleng Selialia is a Senior Intelligence Analyst, dedicated scholar and professional specializing in Politics, International Relations, and Security Studies, with a passion for addressing complex governance challenges and advancing Africa's regional development. Her academic journey includes a BA in Politics and International Relations, an Honours in African Studies, and an MA in Politics and International Relations (Cum Laude) from the University of Johannesburg. Her research delves into Paradiplomacy, cross-border collaboration, go...
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Perennial al-Shabaab: A Case for International Intervention Against Domestic Failures

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  al-Shabaab fighters outside of Somalia. Source: sahistory.org. About the author: Sam Hanson is a certified intelligence analyst and a student of International Relations and Economics at Pitzer College (United States). His research interests include intelligence commonization, international security, East Asian geopolitical relations, cross-border terrorism, and astropolitics. Hanson is currently a fellow at the Keck Center for International and Strategic Studies and also holds a position as course advisor at ALCON Intelligence Ltd. BLUF ·           al-Shabaab's entrenchment in Somalia persists due to a convergence of ideological absolutism, state fragility, and transnational network support that no unilateral domestic solution can adequately address.   ·             An unexplored but viable path forward lies in formally classifying the group's conduct as Crimes Against Humanity u...
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TRUTHS, HALF-TRUTHS, AND DENIALS: THE CRISIS OF CREDIBILITY IN NIGERIA’S WAR ON TERROR

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  Image Source: IILM Blog About the author:  Chinedu Onwe is a dedicated lawyer, academic research writer, and editor with years of experience producing high-quality, analytical content in law, international relations, and global politics. His work is driven by a deep passion for  International Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC) and International Humanitarian Law (IHL), reflecting his keen interest in how legal frameworks interface and influence global peace, security, and governance. Introduction Nigeria’s security agencies have intensified operations to tackle insecurity across the country in response to mounting domestic and international pressure. While these operations have recorded mixed tactical gains, they have also generated serious concerns regarding the management and dissemination of information related to security operations. Though it can be argued that necessary narrative control by the military aids in advancing security objectives, the high cost of undermin...
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Artificial Intelligence Early Warning Systems as Shields for Sahel Elections Amid Multipolar Competition

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The Sahel serves as a vast bioclimatic buffer zone spanning approximately 1 million square miles across North-Central Africa. Geographically positioned as a semi-arid transition belt, it separates the arid Sahara Desert to the north from the tropical Sudanian savannas to the south. Source The Conversation. About the Author  Manju. S is a Post Graduate affiliated with the Department of Gandhian Thought and Peace Studies, School of Social Sciences at the Central University of Gujarat, Vadodara Campus, Gujarat, India. For all correspondence regarding this research, he can be reached at  mdsmanju23@gmail.com   Electoral Violence in a Multipolar Sahel: The Sahel region, comprising Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, and northern Nigeria, experiences endemic electoral violence by jihadist groups such as Boko Haram and Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM). Boko Haram assassinated more than 50 voters and burned polling stations in Borno State during the 2023 Nigerian election,...
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